irf话语分析理论（多模态话语分析的理论基础）

irf话语分析理论【一】

1 . 这句话由相当于形容词的介词短语in the hospital 作后置定语，修饰work。

2 . eg The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall

3 . 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning

4 . 恒心信念和有豪情。信念来自于对理性的信仰，即人能把握客观实在，来自于信任宇宙（包含人类社会和人类精力）是一个按照必定规律运行的`世界，而人的理性能把握集其中的规律。

5 . 养成良好的口才，聊天演说争辩会谈四素质要不断学习和思考，不断总结正反两方面的经验和教训，精益求精工作的方式和方法从现在做起，从小事做起，始终对现实抱有灵敏的察看力和洞察力乐观发奋图强自负酷爱生涯酷爱人生，不怨天尤人，即使在最失败的时候也永远不要废弃盼望。

6 . （）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor

7 . He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam I like some of you very much

8 . Tom and Mike are American boys

9 . Let the fresh air in（副词）

10 . They could hardly believe his words, ____________?（完成反意疑问）

irf话语分析理论【二】

1 . He goes to school by bike

2 . （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词代词数词不定式动名词名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：

3 . ）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。

4 . ? 主补：对主语的补充。

5 . 表示时间地点原因目的结果程度条件方式和让步。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列） I will go there tomorrow The meeting will be held in the meeting room The meat went bad because of the hot weather He studies hard to learn English well

6 . 孤单不是与生俱来，而是由你爱上一个人的`那一刻开始。

7 . ） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

8 . The food tastes good

9 . There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________?（完成反意疑问）

10 . 限制性同位语中同位语与被它限定的词之间不用逗号隔开，非限制性同位语则用逗号隔开。 如： My uncle Mike is kind(我的叔叔马克心地善良

irf话语分析理论【三】

1 . Now I feel tired

2 . 这句话包含两层意思。一是眼前这一池荷花天更美丽，更显得春意盎然。

3 . The sun rises in the east (名词

5 . Under the snow, there are many rocks

6 . 在娘娘庙前感受了旺盛的香火和虔诚的气氛。（《北京青年报》年月日）

7 . 爱情还没有来到，日子是无忧无虑的；最痛苦的，也不过是测验和考试。当时觉得很大压力，后来回望，不过是多么的微小。

8 . The speech is exciting（分词）

9 . 又如： Pandas only live in China （熊猫仅生活在中国。）

10 . The food smells delicious The food tastes good

irf话语分析理论【四】

1 . To see is to believe (不定式

2 . Smoking does harm to the health（动名词）

3 . 动词与它所带的宾语之间的关系表现为施动者与受动者之间的种种复杂关系。通常的动宾搭配不当有以下几种情况：

4 . Don’t keep the lights burning （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired （过去分词）

5 . 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语 She is happy．

6 . 这两句话分别由名词teachers， 形容词 kind

7 . Lucy 为My sister 的同位语

8 . We elected him monitor （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here （名） We will make them happy （形容词） We found nobody in ( 副词

9 . He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane（分词短语）

10 . 对主语的补充。

irf话语分析理论【五】

1 . Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（简单句） These parties often make us very happy（简单句） We cook meat on an open fire outside（简单句） It&#;s great（ 简单句）! Americans eat a lot of meat - too much in my opinion（简单句） Some of my friends drink beer（简单句） I don&#;t, because I have to drive home after the party（复合句） In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（简单句） There are five different time areas in the States（简单句） In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（简单句） How many different time areas do you have in China（简单句）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（简单句） Please give my best regards to your parents（简单句）

2 . I have an idea to do it well （不定式） You should do everything that I do （定语从句）

3 . 这句话由介词短语 in China 作live的状语。

4 . He is reading an article about how to learn English（介词短语）

5 . China is a developing country; America is a developed country（分词）

6 . 复合谓语：（）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks He has caught a bad cold （）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students

7 . We study English

8 . He is a teacher （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it （代词） Five and five is ten （数词） He is asleep （形容词） His father is in （副词） The picture is on the wall ( 介词短语 My watch is gone / missing / lost （形容词化的分词）

9 . (It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语

10 . To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring ” (不定式

irf话语分析理论【六】

1 . He studies hard to learn English well

2 . He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson(形容词

3 . The machine must be out of order（介词短语）

4 . call off取消，不举行

5 . We should help the old and the poor

6 . 作表语。

7 . 表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。eg August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark

8 . Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher（名词） He is our friend （代词）

9 . （三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：

10 . Her voice sounds sweet

irf话语分析理论【七】

1 . （常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）

2 . 这两句话讲的是“守株待兔”的起因，暗示了兔子撞死在树桩上是一种偶然的现象。“忽然”“不知怎么的”说明兔子的出现是偶然的，至于兔子撞树桩，连那个种田人自己也没有弄清是什么原因。

3 . 再如：In the afternoon, I went to swim (下午，我去了游泳。

4 . He is asleep

5 . ，属于独立成分。它的位置如： Sit down, Lucy（露西，坐下）

6 . Though he is young, he can do it well

7 . He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately（结果状语）

8 . I hope you are very well（复合句） I&#;m fine, but tired（简单句） Right now it is the summer vacation and I&#;m helping my Dad on the farm（并列句） August is the hottest month here（简单句） It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark（并列句） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（简单句） We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（并列复合句） We have a lot of machines on the farm（简单句） Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（复合句） But he employs more men for the harvest（简单句） My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（简单句） It doesn&#;t often rain in the summer here（简单句） As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（简单句） Every evening we pump water from a well（简单句） It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（简单句）

9 . 宾语：）动作的承受者-----动宾

10 . The sound sounds strange